… risk factors can affect populations differently. Other advances in our understanding of COPD
… identification of different COPD phenotypes, and understanding how factors other than lung …

… that some risk factors for COPD originate before birth and in early childhood; it is no longer
justifiable to consider COPD as a disease of old age.3 The most important long-term burden-…

… , data from the Global Burden of … burden of COPD attributable to one specific risk factor
(that is, ambient PM2.5), but the overall burden of COPD and the burden attributable to other risk …

… burdens of COPD attributable to eight risk factors … burden attributable to each risk factor.
By comparing the levels of exposure to risk factors and disease burden attributable to each risk …

… important risk factors across world regions in our model. In that study, we only estimated
global and regional prevalence and cases of COPD … to a global prevalence of 11·7% (8·4–15·0). …

… have reduced globally from 1990 to … globally, followed by air pollution and occupational
risks. Non-optimal temperature and high body-mass index were additional risk factors for COPD …

… The unmet global burden of COPD is a silent killer in LMICs. In conclusion, … global burden
of COPD, a revolution in the diagnosis and management of COPD and exacerbations of COPD …

… global burden of COPD was projected to increase through 2050; effective governance is
required to lower the future burden of COPD… correlated with the COPD risk factors included in …

… Committee members were invited on the basis of their scientific expertise in a specific
risk factor for COPD. Because of the global focus of the document, an international group of …

… risk factors to COPD-related mortality and DALYs. The association between COPD burden
… From 1990 to 2019, the incidence and prevalence numbers of COPD increased by 61.2 and …