… Using nationally representative data collected at 2 time points in 38 LMICs, we assessed
the association between urban residence and BMI before and after adjustment for measures of …

… of rural-urban residence in the DHSs and other large demographic surveys are warranted
(47). Nonetheless, use of country-specific classifications of rural-urban residence renders …

… Our systematic review provides evidence that urban residence and urbanisation are important
determinants of asthma prevalence although such studies to date have used inadequate …

… on the association between rural/urban residence and cancer survival. We focused on
high-income countries only, because residents of low- and middle-income countries have less …

… The aim of this study is to compare the prevalence of NCD risk-factors in urban, rural and
rural-urban migrant groups in six middle income countries using nationally representative, cross…

… We adopted each survey’s definition of rural or urban residence. A list of national definitions
is reported in the Supplementary Material. In STEPS and other survey programs (24), these …

… of birth in a rural setting and, at the time of the study, self-report or objective ascertainment
of urban residence. Three types of control groups were possible: (a) a rural comparison group, …

… Little is known about urban–rural differences in children's height and … in rural and urban
settings in low-income and middle-income countries, and to assess changes in the urban–rural …

… We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the difference in hypertension
prevalence between urban and rural areas in low-income and middle-income countries (…

… trade with high-income countries (HICs), migration from rural to urban centers, and lifestyle
… to be more frequent among residents of urban than those of rural regions in developing …