… we parametrically manipulate the delay and response requirement (effort) to obtain the social
reward. Based on results from a recent study [32], we also delayed access to both cocaine …

… For Experiment 2, we hypothesized that increasing the amount of effort required to obtain …
monkeys discounted delayed self-administered oral deliveries of PCP using an adjusting delay …

… results may serve as a reminder that the negative consequences of substance abuse are
governed by similar principles, and these principles must be taken into account in our effort to …

… Thus, from these studies we can conclude that delay and effort affect self-control in a similar
… that delay and effort training effects do not generalize across delay and effort requirements, …

… , however, a clear dissociation has been reported between delay and probability discounting.
… All efforts were made to minimize animal suffering, to reduce the number of animals used, …

… requires little effort or time to achieve a reward and another that requires more effort or time
to … rats that previously self-administered cocaine exhibit greater sensitivity to delays after the …

… of intravenous amphetamine self-administration and the … Intravenous self-administration
of low dose d-amphetamine (… slower to acquire amphetamine self-administration. However, …

… number for both the effort and delay discounting task (trial number effect on effort discounting:
HDI Mean = −0.60, HDI 95% = [−0.75; −0.46]; trial number effect on delay discounting: HDI …

… as tools in the analysis of drug self-administration. Progressive-ratio schedules of drug
delivery … can influence the reinforcing efficacy of self-administered drugs. The objectives of this …

… delay rather than effort costs. In some animal studies, amphetamine only increased willingness
to exert effort when delays … willingness to exert effort even when delays were equalized; …