… anticholinergic bronchodilator use in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
(COPD… were used to evaluate the risk for COPD hospitalizations, respiratory mortality, and total …

… Exacerbations are an important medical and healthcare problem, eg it is evident that severe
exacerbations of COPD … -acting bronchodilators reduce the risk of COPD exacerbation [50]. …

… It is well established that severe exacerbations of COPD requiring hospitalisation are … overall
average case fatality rate for severe exacerbation resulting in hospitalisation to 15.6% [39]. …

… exacerbation is smaller in severe COPD than in milder patients and highlights the difficulty
in assigning scores to changes in exacerbations … Thus, future studies of dual bronchodilators …

… ) on the annual rate of moderate/severe exacerbations in 2,224 severe to very severe COPD
patients with a history of at least one moderate exacerbation in the years prior to study entry …

… This review identified risk factors that contribute to the development of severe exacerbations,
treatment options (bronchodilators, antibiotics, corticosteroids [CSs], oxygen therapy, and …

… severity. Citation3 This highlights the current need for improvement in approaches to both the
prevention and treatment of severe exacerbations of COPD. … In addition to bronchodilators, …

… The first step in treating a COPD exacerbation is increasing the dosage of albuterol delivered
via metered dose inhaler or nebulizer. Levalbuterol is more expensive than albuterol but …

… 5-9 Anticholinergic bronchodilators inhibit bronchoeonstriction as well as mucus … exacerbations
and deaths. The proportion of patients with COPD exacerbations, severe exacerbations, …

… bronchodilator agent to use during an acute exacerbation. A recent position paper on acute
COPD exacerbations … as an additional bronchodilator agent during an acute exacerbation, is …