… particulate emissions and their toxicological potential. We burned logs of birch, beech and
spruce… , and compared them to the particulate emissions from an automated pellet boiler fired …

… the same logs. However, in general, over half of the particulate emissions from the
synthetic logs is collected on the filter. The log size seems to have the greatest effect on particulate …

… 8 fuel types were investigated with respect to their particulate (PM10) and gaseous emissions.
Softwood briquettes, beech, oak and spruce logs, wood pellets as well as further biogenic …

… , but NO x emissions were clearly higher when logging residues from the … emission factor
assessments, particulate emissions covered all tree species, whereas we used Norway spruce …

… The logs originated from spruce and beech. Both types of wood are common in Germany.
Beech is used even more than birch wood and is, next to oak wood, the most common …

… The representatives of hard (beech logs) and soft (spruce logs) wood were used for the
experiments with boilers B1, B2 and B3. Wood pellets, ie pellets of spruce wood sawdust without …

… Strongest enhancement of emission factors was found for burning of small or dried logs (… ,
spruce, spruce/fir) were used as well as impregnated spruce, glued laminated timber of spruce/…

… fine particle emission rates from fireplaces (16, 25, 39−40) . There was no observed correlation
between wood moisture content and fine particle mass emission … when these logs were …

… of spruce and pine combustion emissions with online and offline emission characterizations.
… the complete combustion emission (CCA) and high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filtered …

… All wood types were burned as split logs of 30–50 cm in length and around 10 cm in …
Concluding, we assume that by taking 30 samples from spruce and 24 samples from beech, …