… only weakly affected by temporal variation and are oftendescribed … quantify temporal variation
in some fitness components for … Temporal variation in at least one fitness component has …

… Clearly, studies integrating temporal variation in predation risk to several measures of … We
investigated the effects of temporal variation in predation risk on behaviour, morphology and …

… fitness costs. Selection also exhibits considerable temporal variation in nature owing, in
large part, to temporal … To illuminate patterns of temporal variation in selection among fitness …

… Phenotypic plasticity may be adaptive in temporally or spatially varying environments if the
… Mecha nisms of phenotypic plasticity may also have fitness costs. By sampling novel foods, …

… an individual's fitness in a given environment. Thus, studies that examine costs and benefits
of … insights into how selection has shaped organismal responses to environmental variation. …

… within‐season temporal variation in expected fitness payoffs from … fitness payoffs from
the alternative reproductive tactics are included. In particular, we have assumed that the costs …

… fitness across a range of conditions. However, costs of adaptation may generate fitness trade-…
However, temporal variation produced a type of generalist that has rarely been considered …

… fitness from the ancestor in high quality media. That we did not observe any cost of being
generalist in the temporal variation … responsible for the reduction in fitness in high quality media…

… However, a negative covariation between potential impact on fitness and temporal variation
… This strategy is also reflected in the low cost of production of juveniles, as gestation has …

… costs into demographic projection models, which predicted a delayed flowering strategy only
when we included temporal variation in costs and … growth costs present if the best-fit models …