… one specific application for one kind of thing or device, … use of the data. Vertically oriented
and mostly closed systems in a highly fragmented fashion hamper the growth of the IoT industry…

… ecosystem and describe emerging challenges. In particular, we explain and briefly discuss
sources of and trends toward fragmentation. … billions of end users, things and servers that are …

… , a fragmented ecosystem is emerging in each of the solution “silos”. Such industrial dynamics
… and companies wanting to develop M2M applications or services, from supporting a mix of …

… are the key factors of industrial revolution [. The narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) [2] …
both utility services and the market fragmentation challenges in terms of interoperability. NB …

… of SCF ecosystem fragmentation will be compared to key principles from natural ecosystems
in … Power comes from having something the ecosystem needs. The leader is focused on …

… a high degree of fragmentation across platforms, which makes platform-to-platform openness
more suitable. The automotive industry is dominated by original equipment manufacturers (…

… I find it almost uncanny how things have come full circle’ (quoted in Whipp and Shotter,
2016… The aim of this paper is to analyse how the application of such technologies affects the …

… First, a big message payload results in data fragmentation, forcing IIoT … with fragmentation
and reassembling of data. Second, fragmentation opens up new possibilities for fragmentation …

… For the purposes of this paper, we use the term “smart things” to describe these connected
… Established industry boundaries become blurred and fragmented and industries no longer …

… new innovations and interactions between people and things that will enhance the quality of
… from both academia and industry on building and deploying IoT platforms and applications …