… with TNF‑α alone did not induce osteoclastogenesis of BMMs. However, TNF‑α in combination
with RANKL … osteoclasts by BMMs treated with TNF‑α only or with RANKL, as well as the …

… We report here that the ODF/RANKL–RANK interaction is not the sole pathway that leads …
in vitro; the TNF-α–TNFR1/TNFR2 interaction can be substituted for the ODF/RANKL–RANK …

… TNF markedly accelerates basal osteoclastogenesis induced by RANKL via its TNFr1. We
also find that RANKL and TNF ultimately induce expression and recruitment of TRAF2, TRAF6…

… We speculate that this gradient is directed by the elevated RANKL and TNF-α expressed by
PsA synoviocytes. Ultimately, RANKL stimulation of these precursor cells could result in the …

… TNF-α is one of the most potent osteoclastogenic cytokines produced in inflammation. So,
TNF-α mediates RANKL … It is important to note that TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6 like RANK/RANKL activate …

… reported that TNFα synergizes with RANKL in … TNFα also has the capacity to synergize
with RANKL in osteoclastic activation, we incubated osteoclast-like cells in TNFα and/or RANKL …

… RANKL and OPG are members of the tumor necrosis factor (… a member of the TNF receptor
family. In a 1998 publication RANKL was reported as a new member of the TNF family that …

… TNF-α was shown to increase the expression of RANKL in osteoblasts, stromal cells (5) and
lymphocytes (6), and in this report we show that TNF-α increases osteocyte RANKL … TNF-α is …

… to differentiate into osteoclasts by RANKL treatment for 7 days… We also found that the addition
of TNF-α intensified RANKL-… (CTSK) and TRAP, compared with the RANKL control (Fig. 2a)…

… with RANKL alone or TNF-α + RANKL demonstrated that TNF-α + RANKL consistently …
expression of M cell-associated genes above the level achieved with RANKL alone. Since …