… Genetic and biochemical studies have shown that topoisomerase IV is the primary target for
… The high level of intraspecies variation in the sequences of the DNA topoisomerase genes …

… mitis and Streptococcus oralis). These results suggest that the viridans group streptococci
are acting as donors in the horizontal transfer of fluoroquinolone resistance genes to S. …

… of these low-level Cp r isolates had changes affecting the subunits of DNA topoisomerase
IV… that DNA topoisomerase IV is a primary target of ciprofloxacin in viridans group streptococci, …

… encoded by the gyrA gene and gyrB gene, which unwinds ATP-… DNA topoisomerase IV is
also a tetramer and is composed of C 2 E 2 subunits, encoded by the parC gene and parE gene…

… the viridans group streptococci of the mitis group (SMG), which are considered the donors
of resistance genes to pneumococci (3). Resistance to fluoroquinolones in streptococci occurs …

… ParC subunit of DNA topoisomerase IV of Streptococcus pneumoniae is a … Viridans group
streptococci are donors in horizontal transfer of topoisomerase IV genes to Streptococcus …

… II DNA topoisomerases, DNA gyrase (gyrase) and topoisomerase IV (topo IV) are the
intracellular targets of fluoroquinolones. Gyrase, a GyrA2GyrB2 complex (encoded by genes gyrA …

… pneumoniae, non-determinative polymorphisms were observed in all four genes/proteins …
given that ParC and ParE together make up topoisomerase IV. P-Values refer to χ 2 analysis, …

… of topoisomerase IV or the GyrA subunit of the DNA gyrase, depending on the FQ used as
selector (16, 18, 20). Such substitutions in topoisomerase IV … of the topoisomerases genes, …

… topoisomerase IV (parC and parE recombinant genes) in strain T14. In this study, we purified
wild-type and mutant topoisomerases … and recombinant topoisomerase IV showed lower …