The Funk and Wagnall’s Standard Dictionary (Funk, 1980) defines an eventas:“the final result; the outcome.” Traumatic damage to the brain is seen by the insurance industry as well as many health care providers as an “event.” Thus, a broken brain is the equivalent of a broken bone—the final outcome from an insult in an isolated body system. Once “fixed,” the brain requires no further treatment beyond a relatively brief period of rehabilitation, and certainly there will be no lasting effects on other organ systems. In contrast, the World Health Organization (WHO) defines a chronic disease as having one or more of the following characteristics: it is permanent, caused by non-reversible pathological alterations, requires special training of the patient for rehabilitation and/or may require a long period of observation, supervision, or care (WHO, 2002). This clearly defines a TBI as well. The prevalence of head injury among service personnel retuning from Operations Iraqi Freedom (OIF) and Enduring Freedom (OEF) has increased concern over the long-term effects of TBI. TBI accounts for a larger proportion of casualties among soldiers surviving wounds sustained in combat in Iraq and Afghanistan than in previous conflicts (Okie, 2005). Additionally, attention has focused on the chronic effects of TBI because of the association between repeated, usually mild TBIs and the early onset of Alzheimer’s and other types of dementias in retired athletes, particularly professional football players (Schwarz, 2007a). Sports-related concussions in the United States annually have been estimated to be as high as 300,000 (Thurman, Branche, & Sniezek, 1998). Despite estimates that concussions involving loss of consciousness represented only 8%(Schultz et al., 2004) and 19.2%(Collins, Lovell, Iverson, Cantu, Maroon, & Field, 2002) of sports-related TBIs, Langlois, Rutland-Brown and Wald (2006) suggest that the true numbers of sports-related TBIs may range from 1.6 to 3.8 million annually. If only a fraction of those with combat-or sports-related TBIs exhibit long-term consequences, tens to hundreds of thousands of patients could be affected. The purpose of this chapter is to review the neurologic consequences of a TBI and to encourage the classification of a TBI as the beginning of a chronic disease process, rather than an event or final outcome. Head trauma is the beginning of an on-going, perhaps life-long process that impacts multiple organ systems and may be disease causative and accelerative. A TBI should be managed as a chronic disease and defined as such by health care and insurance providers. Furthermore, if the chronic nature of TBI is recognized by government and private funding agencies, research can be directed at discovering therapies that may interrupt the disease processes months or even years after the initiating event.