… the different causes of neural-tube defects before risk of recurrence is calculated. If one
considered our data without regard to any etiologic classification, the precurrence rate is 5.2 per …

… The epidemiologic heterogeneity of neural tube defects described in this study may reflect
an … at least two broad etiologic categories in the pathogenesis of neural tube defects. The first …

… , we divided neural tube defects (NTDs) … etiologic heterogeneity, we conducted our present
family study by using maternal interviewdata from the Metropolitan Atlanta Congenital Defects …

… whether there is etiologic heterogeneity among neural tube defects divided according to the
level of the lesion. The cases were separated into three groups by defect level, anencephaly…

… infants with neural tube defects (NTDs) born … heterogeneity among NTD patients is presumed
because 6% of our cases have other congenital anomalies not part of the NTD field defect. …

… Etiologically, the heterogeneous nature of NTD has long been recognised and this was
quantitated by Holmes et a1 [ 19761 and Martin et a1 [ 19831. Even when NTDs with known …

… One is that neural tube defects are etiologically heterogeneous and, in fact, have many
etiologies. Some of these may appear farfetched, but some insight about their significance can be …

… neural tube defects and there is evidence to suggest that they are etiologically heterogeneous.
… and environmental exposures in the etiology of these defects. Importantly, studies need to …

… tube defects (NTD) might be made if we were able to classify this apparently heterogeneous
… are the site of the neural tube defect and the association of the defect with other major non-…

… Information appears to indicate a heterogeneity within the neural tube defects, suggesting
there may be many causes and several pathogenetic mechanisms. It also, almost …