… incidence of neural tube defects (NTDs) ranges from 1.0 to 10.0 per 1,000 births with
almost equal frequencies between two major categories: anencephaly and spina bifida (SB). …

… 2, 3 Meningomyelocele, also called spina bifida or spina bifida cystica, is … of the spinal
cord and meninges through a defect in the vertebral arch can occur anywhere along the spinal …

… tube defects (NTDs) spina bifida and anencephaly. In addition, an unknown number of fetuses
affected by these birth defects … of babies born with spina bifida grow to adulthood with, in …

… It must be emphasized that this review deals exclusively with ‘open’ neural tube defects.
This data cannot be extrapolated to the skin covered, or closed dysraphic states such as …

… The mechanism underlying the association between neural tube defects and folate has not
been established. However, folate participates in two metabolic pathways that, if disrupted, …

… Schematic representation of several neural tube defects (NTDs). Spina bifida occulta is
found in up to 10% of people and usually occurs in the low spinal region. Closed …

… brain and spinal cord results in anencephaly and open spina bifida (… ; spina bifida cystica)
or exposed directly to the amniotic fluid (myelocele). Babies born with open spina bifida …

… Spina bifida is the most common of the neural tube defects (NTDs), which include
myelomeningocele, encephalocele, and anencephaly. Spina bifida … The spinal cord is normal, and …

… tube defect have a 2%-3% risk for having another pregnancy resulting in an infant or fetus
with a neural tube defect (ie, … the recurrence of neural tube defects. This report summarizes the …

… We used the criteria of Toriello and Higgins (1985) to define a canalization-related defect
as spina bifida in which the highest extent of the lesion or of associated radiographically …