… Several aspects of urothelial cancer stem cell biology could … non-muscle-invasive bladder
cancer patients with a high risk of … expression of the stem cell-specific CK-17 in tumor cells [3]. …

… Few attempts have been made at the molecular detection of urothelial cancer cells in the …
specific to urothelial cancer or urothelium. In 1990, however, genes that encode urothelium-…

… AR signaling in non-neoplastic urothelial cells or urothelial cancer cells. Androgens have
been shown to induce tumorigenesis, tumor progression, and chemoresistance through the AR …

… -L1) is a cell surface glycoprotein present on tumor cells and immune cells, and its interaction
with … PD-L1 expression on tumor cells or tumor-infiltrating immune cells is closely related to …

… urothelial cancer, bladder adenocarcinoma, germ cell tumors, castrate-resistant prostate
cancer, bladder squamous cell cancer, … of tumor tissue and circulating tumor cells has provided …

… correlated retrospectively The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) urothelial cancer subtype with
… They distinguish tumor cells from normal cells and can stimulate a tumor-specific immune …

… growth, of a malignant tumor relies on the interaction between tumor cells and their local …
the tumor cells. The grading system reflects the proliferative activity of tumor cells themselves. …

… urothelial stem cells (UroSCs). Further, recent advancements on the functions of urothelial
cancer stem cells (UroCSCs), a tumor … the regrowth of heterogeneous tumor cells. UroCSCs: …

… for simulation studies of urothelial cancer stem cells and for the … the markers of urothelial
cancer stem cells and possible … expression of CT antigens on tumor cells, and the lack of …

… Different types of whole cells or fragments have been tested, such as tumor cells and
modified autologous cancer or immune cells. Tumor cell vaccines are killed tumor cells injected …