… including pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics, and … intravenously or orally, and it was
initially used to treat neonatal opioid abstinence [26]. Clonidine reduces fentanyl and midazolam …

… and pharmacodynamic studies conducted in pregnancy. Finally, we will point out areas where
pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies in … Maternal clearance of a 2 g dose of IV …

… We have also given the drug orally when intravenous access was not available. The onset …
the clinical pharmacodynamic effect despite dependable pharmacokinetics. Midazolam has a …

… Before peripheral vein insertion of a central catheter, … >6, 23 infants received an open-label
intravenous bolus of fentanyl … Owing to changes in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics …

… be well-versed with the principles of pharmacology, drug dosages… for use in neonates and
none for preterm neonates born before 30 … Intravenous use can lead to hypotension and is not …

… same as that for IV route) for difficult intravenous access and … Renal function is decreased
in neonates and preterm babies … like midazolam in preterm and newborn infants manifesting …

… useful in very preterm infants, partially useful in older preterm infants, and useful in full-term
infants. … Intravenous bolus of midazolam in neonates has been associated with hypotension; …

Background Exposure to acetaminophen and its metabolites in very-preterm infants is partly
unknown. We investigated the exposure to acetaminophen and its metabolites upon 10, 15, …

… Pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic changes are likely … (45–65%) in preterm newborns
with high grade (III–IV) IVH [8,16]… reduced midazolam elimination observed in preterm infants …

… It is administered by oral, rectal, and intravenous (IV) routes, with the IV route being most …
kinetic parameters of ibuprofen were measured in 13 preterm infants with a hemodynamically …