Among the unfavorable conditions bacteria encounter within the host is restricted access to
essential trace metals such as iron. To overcome iron deficiency, bacteria deploy multiple …

The ferric uptake regulator (Fur) plays a major role in controlling the expression of iron
homeostasis genes in bacterial organisms. In this work, we fully characterized the capacity …

Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) are pathogenic strains that
often coexist in intestinal flora of humans and are prone to cause biofilm-associated …

Enterococcus faecalis is frequently associated with polymicrobial infections of the urinary
tract, indwelling catheters, and surgical wound sites. E. faecalis co-exists with Escherichia …

Iron is an essential nutrient for sustaining bacterial growth; however, little is known about the
molecular mechanisms that govern gene expression during the homeostatic response to …

Bacterial pathogens encounter a variety of nutritional environments in the human host,
including nutrient metal restriction and overload. Uptake of manganese (Mn) is essential for …

Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae) is a major human pathogen causing morbidity
and mortality worldwide. Efficiently acquiring iron from the environment is critical for S …

Most of the iron in a mammalian body is complexed with various proteins. Moreover, in
response to infection, iron availability is reduced in both extracellular and intracellular …

Background Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, a member of γ-proteobacteria, is a ubiquitous
environmental bacterium that is recognized as an opportunistic nosocomial pathogen …

Enterococcus faecalis, a Gram‐positive bacterium, is known to be a key player in several
chronic infections as well as nosocomial, heart valve, urinary tract, surgical wound, and …