Background: Leukocytes containing opioid peptides locally control inflammatory pain. In the
early phase of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced hind paw inflammation, formyl …

Inflammatory pain can be controlled by intraplantar opioid injection or by secretion of
endogenous opioid peptides from leukocytes in inflamed rat paws. Antinociception requires …

The influence of chronic arthritic pain on two endogenous opioid peptides, dynorphin B and
[Met5] enkephalin-Arg6-Phe7, and multiple opioid receptors in discrete brain, lumbar spinal …

Exogenous opioids can produce localized opioid receptor-mediated antinociception in
peripheral inflamed tissue. Previous studies show that activation of endogenous opioids by …

Previous studies have focused on strategies for pain relief based on the peripheral opioid
system. However, little is known with regard to the profile of the peripheral opioid system in …

Background T cell-derived opioids play a key role in the control of inflammatory pain.
However, the nature of opioids produced by T cells is still matter of debate in mice. Whereas …

Opioids can produce potent analgesia by activating opioid receptors outside the central
nervous system, thus avoiding centrally mediated unwanted effects. Peripheral opioid …

Exogenous κ-opioid agonists have been shown to produce peripheral antinociceptive
effects in inflamed tissue. This study sought to determine whether endogenous κ-receptor …

Immunocyte-derived β-endorphin can activate peripheral opioid receptors on sensory
neurons to inhibit pain within inflamed tissue. This study examined μ-opioid receptors (MOR) …

Opioids mediate their analgesic effects by activating μ-opioid receptors (MOR) not only
within the central nervous system but also on peripheral sensory neurons. The peripheral …