Numerous experimental studies provide evidence that proinflammatory cytokines induce or
facilitate inflammatory as well as neuropathic pain and hyperalgesia. Direct receptor …

The concept that the immune system can communicate with peripheral sensory neurons to
modulate pain is based mostly on documented interactions between opioid ligands and …

Background Inflammation-induced pain amplification and hypersensitivity play a role in the
pathophysiology of numerous clinical conditions. Experimental endotoxemia has recently …

μ-Opioid receptor agonist [d-Ala2, NMe-Phe4, Gly5-ol] enkephalin (DAMGO)-induced
peripheral analgesic effects occur early in hindpaws inoculated with Freund's complete …

Chronic pain can occur after peripheral nerve injury, infection, or inflammation. Under such
neuropathic pain conditions, sensory processing in the affected body region becomes …

Potent and clinically significant analgesic effects can be brought about by opioids acting
outside the central nervous system. Injury and inflammation of peripheral tissues leads to …

Opioid receptors are synthesized in dorsal root ganglia and transported into peripheral
terminals of primary afferent neurons. Activation of such receptors results in antinociceptive …

The aim of this study is to investigate the involvement of nitric oxide synthesized by the
inducible (NOS2) or neuronal (NOS1) nitric oxide synthases in the local antinociceptive …

One area that has emerged as a promising therapeutic target for the treatment and
prevention of chronic pain and opioid tolerance/hyperalgesia is the modulation of the central …

Although chronic inflammatory pain is known to be associated with hypersensitivity to μ
opioid receptor agonists, no evidence for changes in the expression and/or characteristics of …