Although centrally acting opioid analgesics produce profound antinociception under basal
conditions, the antinociceptive properties of peripherally restricted opioid analgesics are …

Cytokines are soluble proteins secreted mainly by immune cells and are key players in the
induction and maintenance of pain. Pro-inflammatory cytokines are mostly algesic, while anti …

Pain is an inherent component of inflammation often accompanying immune response. A
large spectrum of molecules released within the inflamed tissue induces pain by stimulating …

Peripheral analgesic effects of opioids are pronounced under inflammatory conditions, eg,
arthritis; however, little is known about adaptive changes of μ opioid receptor binding and G …

Neuropathic pain represents a major problem in clinical medicine because it causes
debilitating suffering and is largely resistant to currently available analgesics. A …

The main role of endogenous opioid peptides is the modulation of pain. Opioid peptides
exert their analgesic activity by binding to the opioid receptors distributed widely in the …

Peripheral opioid analgesia is increased substantially after inflammation. We evaluated the
hypothesis that an inflammatory mediator, bradykinin (BK), evokes functional competence of …

We investigated the efficacy of local intraplantar (i. pl.) injection of peptide and non-peptide μ-
, δ-and κ-opioid receptor agonists in rat models of inflammatory and neuropathic pain …

When tissue is destroyed, pain arises. Tissue destruction as well as wound healing are
associated with an inflammatory reaction. This leads to activation of nociceptors (" pain …

Many chronic pain disorders alternate between bouts of pain and periods of remission. The
latent sensitization model reproduces this in rodents by showing that the apparent recovery …