Bipolar disorder is a serious disorder of mood that is associated with considerable
psychosocial and economic morbidity. Even though it is more common than previously …

Progress in understanding the genetic and neurobiological basis of bipolar disorder (s) has
come from both human studies and animal model studies. Until recently, the lack of …

The issue of categorical vs. dimensional classification of bipolar disorder continues to
generate controversy as it has for generations. Despite the evidence that no psychiatric …

Bipolar disorder (BD) is a complex and dynamic condition with a typical onset in late
adolescence or early adulthood followed by an episodic course with intervening periods of …

Background Bipolar disorder (BD) is characterized by intensive mood fluctuations. While
hormones imbalance plays important role in the mood swings, it is unknown whether …

Although the role of a genetic factor is established in bipolar disorder, causative genes or
robust genetic risk factors have not been identified. Increased incidence of subcortical …

Characterized by the switch of manic and depressive phases, bipolar disorder was
described as early as the fifth century BC. Nevertheless up to date, the underlying …

Objectives To provide a quantitative and qualitative synthesis of the available evidence on
the role of Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Adrenal (HPA) axis in the pathophysiology of Bipolar …

Bipolar disorder (BD) is a chronic and cyclic mental disorder, characterized by unusual
mood swings between mania/hypomania and depression, raising concern in both scientific …

Various neuropathological findings have been reported in bipolar disorder (BD). However, it
is unclear which findings are well established. To address this gap, we carried out a …