Hindpaw injection of dilute formalin produces brief (Phase 1) and persistent (Phase 2)
nociceptive responses in the rat. We recently showed that systemically-administered …

DepoDur is morphine encapsulated in a liposomal delivery system. Liposomes are small
artificial spheres made from phospholipids; inside this larger ball are microscopic aqueous …

The effects of local treatment with opioid receptor agonists on the early (0–10 min) and late
(20–40 min) behavioural response and extravasation induced by intraplantar injection of 1 …

Recent studies suggest that opioids can produce analgesia through peripheral mechanisms
following inflammation of peripheral tissue. This study examined whether opioids …

The analgesic effects of leukocyte-derived opioids have been exclusively demonstrated for
somatic inflammatory pain, for example, the pain associated with surgery and arthritis …

Traditional opioids have proven analgesic effects in clinical applications but are also
associated with side effects, especially hyperalgesia. Reducing the occurrence of …

The present study was aimed at investigating the analgesic properties of a combination of
lidocaine and QX-222 and its effects on evoked pain behavior (complete Freund's adjuvant …

Chronic pain causes patients to endure prolonged suffering and discomfort, often having
profound effects on quality of life. In New Zealand, one in five people currently suffer from …

Peripheral mechanisms of endogenous pain control are significant. Increasing studies have
clearly produced evidence for the clinical usefulness of opioids in peripheral analgesia. The …