The neuronal networks in spinal cord can produce a diverse array of motor behaviors. In
aquatic vertebrates such as fishes and tadpoles, these include escape behaviors, swimming …

Patterned spontaneous electrical activity has been demonstrated in a number of developing
neural circuits and has been proposed to play a role in refining connectivity once axons …

Accurate pathfinding is a crucial step in formation of a functional nervous system.
Individually identified zebrafish primary motoneurons undergo a stereotyped temporal …

In the first 24 h of post-embryonic development, the motor rhythm underlying swimming in
Xenopus laevis tadpoles changes from brief (ca. 7 ms) ventral root discharge in each cycle …

Cellular properties have been examined in ventrally located Xenopus spinal cord neurons
that are rhythmically active during fictive swimming and presumed to be motoneurons …

In the ventral hindbrain and spinal cord of zebrafish embryos, the first neurones that can be
identified appear as single cells or small clusters of cells, distributed periodically at intervals …

It is now clear that in many animals the central nervous system (CNS) can generate a basic
pattern of motor output suitable for rhythmic locomotion in the absence of any sensory …

Primary motoneurons, the earliest developing spinal motoneurons in zebrafish, have highly
stereotyped axon projections. Although much is known about the development of these …

Animal behaviors are generated by well-coordinated activation of neural circuits. In
zebrafish, embryos start to show spontaneous muscle contractions at 17 to 19 h …

The well-documented role of neuromuscular activity as a regulator of motoneuron and
muscle development raises important questions about the differentiation of excitability in …