Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk) is a signaling molecule that plays important roles in B-1 B cell
development and innate myeloid cell functions and has recently been identified as a target …

We investigated the role of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in
host defense in a murine model of pulmonary cryptococcosis induced by intratracheal …

Cryptococcosis remains the leading cause of fungal meningitis worldwide, caused primarily
by the pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans. Symptomatic cryptococcal infections typically …

The mechanisms of latency in the context of C. neoformans infection remain poorly
understood. Two reasons for this gap in knowledge are: 1) the lack of standardized criteria …

The respiratory tract is the portal of entry for the ubiquitous, encapsulated yeast
Cryptococcus neoformans (Diamond, 1995). This opportunistic infectious agent is a common …

Cryptococcal meningoencephalitis caused by Cryptococcus neoformans infection is the
most common cause of death in HIV/AIDS patients. Macrophages are pivotal for the …

Cryptococcus is a ubiquitous environmental fungus and frequent colonizer of human lungs.
Colonization can lead to diverse outcomes, from clearance to long-term colonization to life …

Many pulmonary infections elicit lymphocyte responses that lead to an accumulation of
granulocytes in the lungs. A variety of lymphocytes are capable of directing eosinophils or …

The majority of invasive human fungal pathogens gain access to their human hosts via the
inhalation of spores from the environment into the lung, but relatively little is known about …

Cell-mediated immunity is critical to host defenses against the fungal infection
cryptococcosis. Here, two functions critical to effective cell-mediated immunity (CMI) …