Retrotransposons have generated about 40% of the human genome. This review examines
the strategies the cell has evolved to coexist with these genomic “parasites”, focussing on …

Ten-eleven translocation (TET) proteins play key roles in the regulation of DNA-methylation
status by oxidizing 5-methylcytosine (5mC) to generate 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) …

Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) are globally silent in somatic cells. However,
some HERVs display high transcription in physiological conditions. In particular, ERVWE1 …

Repression of endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) in mammals involves several epigenetic
mechanisms. Acute loss of the maintenance methyltransferase Dnmt1 induces widespread …

Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) undergo de novo DNA methylation during the first few
days of mammalian embryogenesis, although the factors that control the targeting of this …

Methylation on lysine 9 of histone H3 (H3K9me) and DNA methylation play important roles
in the transcriptional silencing of specific genes and repetitive elements. Both marks are …

Retroviruses have been invading mammalian germlines for millions of years, accumulating
in the form of endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) that account for nearly one-tenth of the …

TRIM5 proteins can restrict retroviral infection soon after delivery of the viral core into the
cytoplasm. However, the molecular mechanisms by which TRIM5α inhibits infection have …

Moloney murine leukemia virus (M-MLV) replication is restricted in embryonic carcinoma
(EC) and embryonic stem (ES) cells, likely to protect the germ line from insertional …

Trim5α is a host antiviral protein that recognizes incoming retroviral capsids in the cytoplasm
and prevents productive infections. Although present in most mammals, the state of the …