Ten years after the publication of the position paper “The hallmarks of cancer”(Hanahan and
Weinberg Cell 100: 57–70, 2000), it has become increasingly clear that mutated cells on …

At odds with conventional chemotherapeutics, targeted anticancer agents are designed to
inhibit precise molecular alterations that support oncogenesis or tumor progression. Despite …

Aberrant expression of immune checkpoints (ICs) in cancer creates an immunosuppressive
microenvironment, which supports immune evasion of tumor cells. We have recently …

Although numerous immunotherapeutic strategies have been studied in patients with
cancer, consistent induction of clinical responses remains a formidable challenge. Cancer …

Conventional anticancer therapies, such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and targeted
therapy, are designed to kill cancer cells. However, the efficacy of anticancer therapies is not …

Disruption of the epigenetic program of gene expression is a hallmark of cancer that initiates
and propagates tumorigenesis. Altered DNA methylation, histone modifications and ncRNAs …

Cytotoxic chemotherapeutics (CCTs) are widely used in the treatment of cancer. Although
their mechanisms of action have been best understood in terms of targeting the apparatus of …

It has recently become clear that the tumour microenvironment, and in particular the immune
system, has a crucial role in modulating tumour progression and response to therapy …

Epigenetic dysregulation has long been recognized as a key factor contributing to
tumorigenesis and tumour maintenance that can influence all of the recognized hallmarks of …

The development of resistance to anti-cancer therapeutics remains one of the core issues
preventing the improvement of survival rates in cancer. Therapy resistance can arise in a …