Objectives: Congenital subglottic hemangioma is a rare disease of infancy that has failed to
obtain consensus on its management since first described in 1912. We performed this meta …

Objective To evaluate the presence of velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) symptoms and the
associated changes of the velopharyngeal anatomy in patients who underwent …

A 4-year-old boy presented for evaluation of his “abnormal voice.” His mother reports that
since he has been able to speak he has never made clear “s” and “p” sounds. She reports …

Velopharyngeal insufficiency may occur as a result of an anatomical or structural defect and
may be present in patients with cleft lip and palate. The treatment options presented in the …

Gummy smile is a very unaesthetic and common con-dition defined as the exposure, while
an individual is smiling, of more than 3 mm of gingival tissue. 1 This is attributable to several …

Background The aim of this study was to evaluate speech outcomes following surgical
intervention for velopharyngeal dysfunction (VPD). Perceptual speech outcome data were …

Velopharyngeal dysfunction (VPD) is a generic term which describes a set of disorders
resulting in the leakage of air into the nasal passages during speech production. As a result …

Background Velopharyngeal insufficiency involving a large velopharyngeal gap and poor
lateral wall movement is referred to as a “black hole” and remains a challenging problem for …

Velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) is a failure of the body's ability to temporarily close the
communication between the nasal cavity and the mouth, because of an anatomic …

Increasingly, speech scientists and surgeons have converted to using the term VPD in place
of the older and more entrenched term, VPI (1, 2). In common parlance, VPI generally means …