Benzodiazepines in the management of seizures and status epilepticus: a review of routes of delivery, pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and tolerability

R Kienitz, L Kay, I Beuchat, S Gelhard… - CNS drugs, 2022 - Springer
Status epilepticus (SE) is an acute, life-threatening medical condition that requires
immediate, effective therapy. Therefore, the acute care of prolonged seizures and SE is a …

Pharmacokinetic optimisation of benzodiazepine therapy for acute seizures: focus on delivery routes

E Rey, JM Tréluyer, G Pons - Clinical pharmacokinetics, 1999 - Springer
All benzodiazepines enter cerebral tissue rapidly. However, the duration of action is short for
diazepam (< 2 hours) and midazolam (3 to 4 hours) and longer for clonazepam (24 hours) …

Practice variability and efficacy of clonazepam, lorazepam, and midazolam in status epilepticus: a multicenter comparison

V Alvarez, JW Lee, FW Drislane, MB Westover… - …, 2015 - Wiley Online Library
Objective Benzodiazepines (BZD) are recommended as first‐line treatment for status
epilepticus (SE), with lorazepam (LZP) and midazolam (MDZ) being the most widely used …

Benzodiazepine use in seizure emergencies: a systematic review

SR Haut, S Seinfeld, J Pellock - Epilepsy & Behavior, 2016 - Elsevier
Purpose The aim of this review was to systematically examine safety and efficacy outcomes,
as well as patient/caregiver satisfaction, from clinical studies in pediatric and adult patients …

[HTML][HTML] The relative effectiveness of five antiepileptic drugs in treatment of benzodiazepine-resistant convulsive status epilepticus: a meta-analysis of published …

Z Yasiry, SD Shorvon - Seizure, 2014 - Elsevier
Purpose Systematic evaluation of published evidence-base of the efficacy of five
antiepileptic drugs–lacosamide, levetiracetam, valproate, phenytoin and phenobarbital–in …

A pilot study assessing the bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of diazepam after intranasal and intravenous administration in healthy volunteers

SK Agarwal, RL Kriel, RC Brundage, VD Ivaturi… - Epilepsy research, 2013 - Elsevier
Diazepam rectal gel (Diastat®) is the only FDA-approved product indicated for acute
repetitive seizures. Despite its proven efficacy, most older children and adults object to this …

Pharmacotherapy for pediatric convulsive status epilepticus

A Singh, CM Stredny, T Loddenkemper - CNS drugs, 2020 - Springer
Convulsive status epilepticus (CSE) is one of the most common pediatric neurological
emergencies. Ongoing seizure activity is a dynamic process and may be associated with …

Intravenous antiepileptic drugs in adults with benzodiazepine-resistant convulsive status epilepticus: a systematic review and network meta-analysis

F Brigo, C Del Giovane, R Nardone, E Trinka… - Epilepsy & Behavior, 2019 - Elsevier
Aim The aim of this study was to estimate the comparative efficacy and safety of antiepileptic
drugs (AEDs) in adults with benzodiazepine-resistant convulsive status epilepticus (SE) …

The role of benzodiazepines in the treatment of epilepsy

JG Ochoa, WA Kilgo - Current treatment options in neurology, 2016 - Springer
Opinion statement Benzodiazepines are commonly prescribed as anxiolytics, sedatives, and
anticonvulsants. They act on the GABA A receptor by increasing the conductance chloride …

[HTML][HTML] Randomized study of intravenous valproate and phenytoin in status epilepticus

P Agarwal, N Kumar, R Chandra, G Gupta, AR Antony… - Seizure, 2007 - Elsevier
INTRODUCTION: The evidence based data to guide management in patients of
benzodiazepine refractory status epilepticus (SE) is still lacking. We conducted a …