Columnaris disease has long been recognized as a serious problem worldwide which
affects both wild and cultured freshwater fish including the commercially important channel …

Sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus, an important marine benthic animal, is particularly
sensitive to environmental temperature stress, which affected the growth, metabolism, and …

Background Grass carp are an important farmed fish in China that are infected by many
pathogens, especially grass carp reovirus (GCRV). Notably, grass carp showed age …

Parasites are arguably among the strongest drivers of natural selection, constraining hosts
to evolve resistance and tolerance mechanisms. Although, the genetic basis of adaptation to …

To explore the resistance mechanism of locally infected skin of yellow drum (Nibea albiflora)
against Cryptocaryon irritans infection, N. albiflora were infected with C. irritans at a median …

Large yellow croaker is an important marine culture species in China. Recently, the large
yellow croaker industry is threatened by various disease problems, especially for the white …

Background Cryptocaryon irritans, a species of obligatory ciliate ectoparasite, can infect
various species of marine teleost fish. Cryptocaryon irritans that fall to the seabed or …

Miiuy croaker (Miichthys miiuy), as an economically important marine fish is affected by
numerous bacterial diseases. Infection by bacterial pathogen Vibrio anguillarum causes …

Background Cryptocaryon irritans is a parasitic ciliate that causes cryptocaryonosis (white
spot disease) in marine fish. Diagnosis of cryptocaryonosis often depends on the …

Cryptocaryoniasis is one of the devastating protozoal diseases present in marine fish
species, leading to high mortality in the fish aquaculture. Recently, white spot disease …