Significant changes in physical and biological systems are occurring on all continents and in
most oceans, with a concentration of available data in Europe and North America. Most of …

As world leaders gathered to mark the start of 2050, they looked back on the coronavirus
pandemic 30 years before as a turning point in the quest to rein in global warming. Nations …

The identification of properties that contribute to the persistence and resilience of
ecosystems despite climate change constitutes a research priority of global relevance. Here …

Earth's climate history is often understood by breaking it down into constituent climatic
epochs 1. Over the Common Era (the past 2,000 years) these epochs, such as the Little Ice …

This paper provides a critical analysis of recent climate history (or historical climatology)
scholarship. It identifies four key subfields in this historiography of climate change. First, it …

Anthropogenic climate change is currently driving environmental transformation on a scale
and at a pace that exceeds historical records. This represents an undeniably serious …

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Cooling during most of the past two millennia has been widely recognized, and has been
inferred to be the dominant global temperature trend of the past 11,700 years (the Holocene …

Abstract A LONG-STANDING question in geomorphology1, 2 is whether the topography of a
particular landscape is in balance with current climate-driven processes, or contains relict …

Assessments of the regional impacts of human-induced climate change on a wide range of
social and environmental systems are fundamental for determining the appropriate policy …