… The laser can also be used to block the sensory nerves surrounding the annulus … the efficacy
of the two procedures in this study, previous studies have reported that laser annuloplasty is …

… and efficacy of percutaneous endoscopic laser annuloplasty (PELA) using the Ho:YAG laser
… Minimally invasive techniques, such as intradiscal electrothermal therapy, radiofrequency …

… One was transforaminal laser annuloplasty to remove granulation tissues from the posterior
… Efficacy of transforaminal laser annuloplasty versus intradiscal radiofrequency annuloplasty …

… Intradiscal electrothermal therapy, radiofrequency annuloplasty, and intradiscal biacuplasty
have been tried. Percuataneous … steroids injection and to review the literature on efficacy. …

… as intradiscal electrothermal therapy (IDET). The other is endoscopic discectomy accompanied
by annuloplasty using a laser and/or radiofrequency … may reduce the effectiveness of the …

… , and transforaminal epidural steroid injection at least for 3 months, were selected for further
screening. Transforaminal … The flexible endoscopic catheter equipped with laser tip was then …

… not support the effectiveness of percutaneous thermocoagulation intradiscal techniques for
… annular tear and intradiscal inflammatory granuloma with the bipolar radiofrequency probe. …

… on the effectiveness of radiofrequency annuloplasty and intradiscal … of nucleoplasty against
fluoroscopy-guided transforaminal … to laser energy, causing a decrease in intradiscal volume …

… the safety and efficacy of percutaneous transforaminal annuloplasty for … of transforaminal
endoscopic laser annuloplasty. The … and radiofrequency (RF) bipolar cautery (Fig. 8). Finally, if …

… laser discectomy and percutaneous discectomy. … the minimally invasive percutaneous
intradiscal treatment methods, … procedures (lumbar and transforaminal steroid injections and facet …