… this study had serious developmental language difficulties (below the second percentile),
and this is almost certainly demonstrated in their referral to speech-language therapy services. …

… criteria used to diagnose reading disabilities in adults and children; averaging across … Models
of possible causal relationships in the developmental progression of a condition or disorder…

… of children with reading difficulties in elementary school. In … All participants' families
qualified for admission into Head Start… models that focus on the changing nature of the reading …

… In this chapter, we examine child‐focused reading models … For children from entry into
school through the fourth year (in … reading difficulties, as it may provide new insights into adult …

… about reading development and the origins of difficulties in … models of acquired and
developmental disorders of reading … adult word reading: dual-route [7] and connectionist models. …

… exposure during leisure time in reading development from … are predicted to increase until
adulthood, we tested effect sizes for … However, for children with reading difficulties, it may not be …

… in relation to reading and writing in the school context. Indeed, … Models and determinants
of vocabulary growth from … , and literacy from school entry through to adulthood.International …

… literacy outcomes for children and adults with a history of low … literacy position of children
in their first year and models how … their literacy careers with identified reading disability have …

… needed to perform significant adult literacy tasks. For instance, … instruction or even in devising
models of the reading process… The model asserts that infants first come into this world with …

… from the initial stages of reading in kindergarten to grade four. … vocabulary before and after
the entry into formal schooling, a … health development from pregnancy to young adulthood. …