A 50-ps gated VCRO-based TDC with compact phase interpolators for flash LiDAR

J Hu, X Wang, D Li, Y Liu, R Ma… - IEEE Transactions on …, 2022 - ieeexplore.ieee.org
J Hu, X Wang, D Li, Y Liu, R Ma, Z Zhu
IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers, 2022ieeexplore.ieee.org
This article describes a small footprint, low power gated voltage-controlled ring oscillator
(VCRO)-based Time-To-Digital converter (TDC) for Flash Light Detection and Ranging
(LiDAR) applications. A group of compact local phase interpolators (PIs) are used to improve
the resolution, which is highly area-saving and compatible with in-pixel TDC structure. A non-
reset operation mode is introduced to increase the linearity by taking advantage of the
dynamic element matching (DEM) property. The proposed TDC has been fabricated in a …
This article describes a small footprint, low power gated voltage-controlled ring oscillator (VCRO)-based Time-To-Digital converter (TDC) for Flash Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) applications. A group of compact local phase interpolators (PIs) are used to improve the resolution, which is highly area-saving and compatible with in-pixel TDC structure. A non-reset operation mode is introduced to increase the linearity by taking advantage of the dynamic element matching (DEM) property. The proposed TDC has been fabricated in a 0.18- HV-CMOS technology in a 32 array, achieving a resolution of 50 ps. A Phase Lock Loop (PLL) is adopted to track the process, voltage, and temperature (PVT) variations and make the resolution tunable. A power-saving analog buffer is used to distribute the stable control voltage to all the in-pixel TDCs. Measurements show a good linearity performance and array uniformity (a deviation of only 0.89 ps), making it suitable for Flash LiDAR applications.
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