Energy crises, increasing electricity prices, and having no access to the grid electricity are
the leading issues in developing countries of Asia, the Middle East, and Sub-Saharan Africa.
Developing hybrid renewable energy systems in off-grid or grid-connected modes is the best
way to overcome developing countries' economic and energy crises. However, the
development of hybrid renewable energy systems faces severe technical and related
economic challenges. This article provides an updated and comprehensive resource and …