OBJECTIVES: Bladder cancer is a common tumor of the urinary tract, accounting for 6% to
8% of all male malignancies and 2% to 3% of all female malignancies. Urothelial carcinoma
(UC) of bladder is the second most common urologic malignancy after prostate cancer.
Earlier report has elucidated immunologic unreactivity in cancer patients. Cytokines play a
pivotal role in the induction of cell mediated and humoral immunity. Quantification of
cytokine response in cancer patients can give significant insights about the cellular …