Objective A decade of microbiome studies has linked IBD to an alteration in the gut microbial
community of genetically predisposed subjects. However, existing profiles of gut microbiome
dysbiosis in adult IBD patients are inconsistent among published studies, and did not allow
the identification of microbial signatures for CD and UC. Here, we aimed to compare the
faecal microbiome of CD with patients having UC and with non-IBD subjects in a
longitudinal study. Design We analysed a cohort of 2045 non-IBD and IBD faecal samples …

Crohn's disease (CD) results in the chronic inflammation of the intestinal mucosa and is
characterized by periods of acute exacerbation and remission. It is one of the two main forms
of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Although the etiology of IBD is unclear, the two main
contributing factors in genetically predisposed individuals include environmental factors and
pathogenic infections. After discovering NOD2/CARD as a susceptibility-associated gene,
the role of innate immunity has become clear in the pathogenesis of CD (1, 2). Genetic …