… systems forms one of the major sources of negative reinforcement in addiction. … of
reward/stress function but in allostasis of reward/stress function that continues to drive the addiction …

… Additionally, we hypothesized that these brain stress systems may be engaged in the frontal
cortex early in the addiction process. Excessive drug taking engages activation of CRF not …

… systems forms one of the major sources of negative reinforcement in addiction. … of
reward/stress function but in allostasis of reward/stress function that continues to drive the addiction …

… behavioral impairments that afflict individuals with addiction. Clinically, the occasional but
… substance use disorders (drug addiction), is a reward deficit/stress surfeit disorder, and the …

… of psychostimulant dependence, … of “Reward Deficiency” especially as a genetic trait and
epigenetic effects of chronic environmental stimuli. We embrace the concept of “Reward Surfeit”…

… This review provides a neuroadaptive perspective regarding the role of the hormonal and
brain stress systems in drug addiction with a focus on the changes that occur during the …

… reward deficit neurotransmission and reversing stress surfeit neurotransmission can block the
elevation of reward … stage of the addiction cycle is engagement of the brain stress systems, …

… As mentioned previously, stress excites increased dopaminergic activity in cue reactivity (of …
phases of addiction (stress surfeit and dopamine deficit - the neural markers of allostasis). …

… system leads to its dysfunction and to hyperactivation of the brain’s stress response (anti-reward),
resulting in an increase in reward thresholds (reward deficit and stress surfeit). Stress …

… Not surprisingly, drug addiction has been conceptualised as a learning disorder, a reward
deficit disorder or anti-reward excess disorder, an executive function disorder, and more …