The link between adolescent fiber consumption, inflammation, and body fat distribution has not been investigated.

This study investigated associations of dietary fiber intake with inflammatory-related biomarkers and robust measures of total and central adiposity in a sample of 559 adolescents aged 14–18 yr (49% female, 45% Black).

Fasting blood samples were measured for leptin, adiponectin, resistin, C-reactive protein, and fibrinogen. Diet was assessed with four to seven 24-h recalls, and physical activity was determined by accelerometry. Fat-free soft tissue mass and fat mass were measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Visceral adipose tissue was assessed using magnetic resonance imaging.

Multiple linear regression, adjusting for age, race, Tanner stage, fat-free soft tissue mass, energy intake, and physical activity, revealed that dietary fiber intake was inversely associated with fat mass and serum leptin in males (all P < 0.03) but not in females. In both genders, dietary fiber intake was negatively associated with visceral adipose tissue, plasma C-reactive protein, and plasma fibrinogen and positively associated with plasma adiponectin (all P < 0.05). No relations were found between dietary fiber intake and plasma resistin in either males or females.

Our adolescent data suggest that greater consumption of dietary fiber is associated with lower visceral adiposity and multiple biomarkers implicated in inflammation.