This review focuses on selected aspects of the relation between alcohol consumption and
cancer risk. Heavy alcohol consumption (ie,≥ 4 drinks/day) is significantly associated with
an increased risk of about 5-fold for oral and pharyngeal cancer and esophageal squamous
cell carcinoma, 2.5-fold for laryngeal cancer, 50% for colorectal and breast cancers, and
30% for pancreatic cancer. These estimates are based on a large number of
epidemiological studies and are generally consistent across strata of several covariates. The …

It has been established that alcohol consumption is associated with elevated cancer
incidence and mortality. Recently the International Agency for Cancer Research (World
Health Organization) stated that acetaldehyde associated with alcoholic beverages is
carcinogenic to humans and confirmed the Group 1 classification of alcohol consumption
and of ethanol in alcoholic beverages. Alcohol causes cancers of the oral cavity, pharynx,
larynx, oesophagus, colorectum, liver and female breast. Very little is known about safe …