The increase in the research interest on alginate microparticles in pharmaceutical and biomedical areas confirms its potential use as an effective matrix for drug and cell delivery. Among the well known alginate properties, pH sensitivity remains as an attractive option for targeting of drug in the colon region. This essential aspect is advantageous to enhance therapeutic efficacy of treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases, which require multi-drug administration frequently in a long period. As consequence, severe side effect appears leading to discontinuation of therapy and affecting quality of patient life. This review gives an overview of relevant properties of alginate as oral colon delivery systems and the recent innovative strategies of using alginate with other polymers as well as microencapsulation techniques. At the same time, it describes the several advantages of coating processes involving alginate over microparticles in order to design better material with sustained release characteristic for colon-targeted delivery.