An insight into nitromethane as an organic nitrile alternative source towards the synthesis of aryl nitriles

R Saikia, S Dey Baruah, RC Deka… - European Journal of …, 2019 - Wiley Online Library
European Journal of Organic Chemistry, 2019Wiley Online Library
Directed by an unusual in situ reduction of CuII, our protocol is a simple CuI‐mediated
synthesis of aryl nitriles, with inexpensive and readily available nitromethane as the
cyanating source, in moderate to good yields. Exhibiting a wide substrate scope, the method
involves simple reaction conditions, is additive free with low catalyst loading. The plausible
mechanism of cyanation of aryl halides is elucidated by a congregation of three cycles,
namely the in situ reduction of CuII species by nitromethane, generation of HCN species …
Directed by an unusual in situ reduction of CuII, our protocol is a simple CuI‐mediated synthesis of aryl nitriles, with inexpensive and readily available nitromethane as the cyanating source, in moderate to good yields. Exhibiting a wide substrate scope, the method involves simple reaction conditions, is additive free with low catalyst loading. The plausible mechanism of cyanation of aryl halides is elucidated by a congregation of three cycles, namely the in situ reduction of CuII species by nitromethane, generation of HCN species from nitromethane and a regular organometallic pathway which releases the nitrile derivative. The detail of the mechanism of generation of CN from nitromethane is computationally validated. Our protocol holds the distinction of involving a rarely encountered CuI catalytic species as well as facile in situ generation of nucleophilic CN to yield synthetically useful aromatic nitriles.
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