Tilapia culture is an important source of income and nutrition to many rural families. Since
2000, the production of tilapia increased and reached domestic and global markets. Major
farmed species is Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), in earthen ponds and cage cultures.
Intensification contributed to global tilapia disease outbreaks, with bacterial infections
causing mortalities and morbidities, threatening sustainable production. At tilapia farms, high
nutrient concentrations, water temperature and fish densities enhance bacterial growth …