Chromosome study and karyotype analysis of 2 Artemisia species (Artemisia fragrans and A. absinthium) belonging to the family Asteraceae, was conducted after collecting specimens from different parts of Arazbaran region (Iran). Root tips collected from roots of germinated seedlings were treated with α-bromonaphthalein and hydroxyquinoline and were fixed with formaldehyde and acid chromic solution. They were then stained with acetoiron haematoxylin. These were used for karyotype analysis at the pre-metaphase stage. The results showed that A. absinthium contained 2n=2x=18 chromosomes and was diploid. A. fragrans contained 2n=4x=36 chromosomes and was tetraploid. Satellite chromosomes in both species were observed such that a paired satellite was recorded in A. absinthium and 4 paired satellites were recorded in A. fragrans. Moreover, aneuploids were also noted in both species. The average chromosome length of A. absinthium was 6.249±0.126 (µm) and in tetraploid species A. fragrans, the average chromosome length was 5.010±0.056 (µm).