ELLARD C. G. Comparative perspectives on multiple cortical visual systems NEUROSCI BIOBEHAV REV 22(2), 173–180, 1998.—This paper argues that any effort to extend theories of cortical visual systems based on primates to other orders, such as Rodentia, must take into account fundamental differences in visual system properties, such as retinal organization. Some examples are given of the effects of these differences, describing several studies using gerbils in which problems in object recognition appear to be solved using unique methods based on navigational information. I conclude by suggesting that closer consideration of comparative issues in visual cortical processing might lead to new insights regarding the evolutionary origins of object recognition as it is understood in humans and other primates, and I suggest that these evolutionary antecedents might help to explain the apparent linkage in humans between object recognition and movement.