… In response to these criticisms, we define stigma as the co-occurrence of its components–…
indicate that for stigmatization to occur, power must be exercised. The stigma concept we …

… , the social contexts that create and reinforce stigma are largely unchallenged. Drawing
on a multidimensional model of stigma, we examine how stigma manifested across women’s …

… of the stigma target, with some scholars exploring how social institutions shape stigma. Yet
the ways stakeholders within the sociocommercial sphere create, perpetuate, or resist stigma …

… withdrawal, assess internalized stigma as conceptualized in the current article. For example,
while the stereotype endorsement scale addresses internalized stigma, it also includes …

… This article proposes that stigmatized individuals are impacted by the religiocultural and
structural violence perspectives embedded within social spaces, leading to stigma perception …

… stigma, it is somewhat surprising that the definition of stigma has received only modest attention.
In “Conceptualizing stigma… a thorough and detailed definition of stigma, and their paper …

… stigmatization as a social process. To address this issue, we review the stigma literature and
… a shift in attention from how actors respond to stigma to broader processes of stigmatization. …

… developed to gauge the effect of HIV stigma since the beginning of the epidemic. … stigma
research: who is affected by, how are they affected by, and what are the outcomes of HIV stigma…

… domain has been conceptualized in how stigma works. In contrast to the paucity of stigma
definitions, there is a comparatively large literature describing how stigma affects people; we …

… to stigmatized statuses. Finally, we outline challenges for the next phase of stigma research,
with the goal of continuing scientific activity that enhances our understanding of stigma and …