Nigeria offers the largest market for fisheries products in Africa. Fish production from capture fisheries in spite of its being expensive and risky in the coastal line regions of Nigeria has been erratic and on the decline in recent years, resulting in increase in poverty and nutritional deficiency. Aquaculture production remains the best option to bridge the gap between the total fish demand and total domestic production in the face of high cost of production input and unstable government policy. This study enumerate the factors affecting aquaculture production in Nigeria with emphasis on fish seed, disease, education, production and management, feed and feeding, government policy, veterinary care and, breeding, infrastructure etc. and suggested way forward for profitable and sustainable aquaculture in the country.