Conventional lateral resisting systems can provide sufficient strength and ductility for design
based earthquakes, although the considerable residual deformation remaining in the
plasticized regions undermines the resiliency of the structures. In order to resolve this
problem, various self-centering systems have been proposed and tested in recent years,
most of which are specified for new buildings and are not simply suitable for retrofitting
applications. Moreover, the available self-centering systems are costly and complex to …