This study is a review of major theoretical approaches to psychosomatics, aiming to highlight the contributions of this discussion for the understanding of health-disease processes. We discuss the interactions of body, mind and emotions from the perspectives of Psychoanalysis and Psychophysiology, raising four possibilities of interpretation: a) Mental processes have somatic effects, but not vice-versa (Idealist Monism); b) Physical processes have mental effects, but not vice-versa (Materialist Monism, or Ephiphenomenalism); c) Both mental processes have physical effects and physical processes have mental effects (Neutral or Interactionist Monism), and d) There is a deeper unity of body and mind, both being aspects of a common underlying reality (Psychophysical parallelism, or Double-Aspect Monism).