The international integration of markets, understood as the removal or reduction of
institutional barriers to trade, is supposed to result in a growth of competition that leads to an
increase of consumer surplus. Where non-tariff barriers are involved it can be achieved
through the adoption of international regulations, norms or standards. This is the aspect of
integration in which we are here interested, technical barriers being considered to be a
leading source of institutional barriers to trade in products and services (European Economy …

Customisation vs. Standardisation: International Integration and Consumer Surplus -
Dialnet … Standardisation: International Integration and Consumer Surplus …