This work proposes a fluorescent probe based on CdTe quantum dots (QDs) for the determination of resveratrol in wine samples. The synthesis of cysteamine (CA) capped CdTe QD was carried out in a one-pot eco-friendly process, resorting to the electrochemical reduction of metallic tellurium powder in a graphite macroelectrode (cavity cell). The reduced species of tellurium (Te²⁻ and Te₂²⁻) migrated to an intermediate compartment of the electrochemical cell and in the presence of a cadmium salt and organic stabilizing agent (CA), forming the colloidal dispersion of CdTe in a single step. Under optimum synthesis conditions, the fluorescence intensity of the prepared nanoparticles varied linearly with the resveratrol concentration in the range from 3.25 to 75 μg L⁻¹ (R² = 0.9984), with a detection limit of 0.97 μg L⁻¹ and RSD of 3.7% (5.0 μg L⁻¹ resveratrol, n = 10). The method was successfully applied to the resveratrol determination in wines, with recoveries from 97.8 to 112.4%. Student’s t test was applied and no statistically significant difference was observed between the two methods (HPLC and proposed), with a confidence level of 95% (t_tabulated = 2.45 and t_calculated = 0.38). The resveratrol determination method, by using CdTe-CA QDs as fluorescence probe, was simple, rapid, inexpensive, and sensitive.