We present an analysis of the lowest-lying decuplet baryon masses in the covariant baryon chiral perturbation theory with the extended-on-mass-shell scheme up to next-to-next-to-next-to-leading order. In order to determine the 14 low-energy constants, we perform a simultaneous fit of the lattice QCD data from the PACS-CS, QCDSF-UKQCD, and HSC Collaborations, taking finite-volume corrections into account self-consistently. We show that up to next-to-next-to-next-to-leading order one can achieve a good description of the lattice QCD and experimental data. Surprisingly, we note that the current lattice decuplet baryon masses can be fitted rather well by the next-to-leading order baryon chiral perturbation theory, which, however, misses the experimental data a little bit. Furthermore, we predict the pion- and strangeness-sigma terms of the decuplet baryons by use of the Feynman-Hellmann theorem.