Depth Conversion in the Llanos Basin: Workflow to reduce fault shadow effect.
A Chermak, GV Fajardo, JC Ramón - 2009 - archives.datapages.com
A Chermak, GV Fajardo, JC Ramón
2009•archives.datapages.comDepth conversion and imaging in the Llanos basin have been crucial steps in prospect
definition and field development. The fault shadow effect, caused principally by the low
velocity Leon-C1 zone, creates false anticlinal structure in time whereas the real structure in
depth tends to be a pure monocline dipping away from a bounding normal fault. Since depth
conversion is a critical issue in exploration and development of subtle low-relief structures in
the Llanos, a refined methodology is needed for reliable depth estimation. This paper …
definition and field development. The fault shadow effect, caused principally by the low
velocity Leon-C1 zone, creates false anticlinal structure in time whereas the real structure in
depth tends to be a pure monocline dipping away from a bounding normal fault. Since depth
conversion is a critical issue in exploration and development of subtle low-relief structures in
the Llanos, a refined methodology is needed for reliable depth estimation. This paper …
Abstract
Depth conversion and imaging in the Llanos basin have been crucial steps in prospect definition and field development. The fault shadow effect, caused principally by the low velocity Leon-C1 zone, creates false anticlinal structure in time whereas the real structure in depth tends to be a pure monocline dipping away from a bounding normal fault. Since depth conversion is a critical issue in exploration and development of subtle low-relief structures in the Llanos, a refined methodology is needed for reliable depth estimation. This paper describes the evolution of the depth conversion methodology used in the Campo Rico Association Contract, where Emerald has 3 producing fields. In this study several depth conversion methods were applied to the Vigia Field, the field exhibiting the most prominent fault shadow effect. Initially, a single time-depth function was used to convert maps of the reservoir horizon. No account was taken of regional velocity gradients or of local variations due to changes in layer thicknesses, in particular, not of the Leon-C1 layer. Subsequently, direct mapping of average velocity “pseudo-velocities” based on seismic times and well depths was evaluated. This addressed some of the regional velocity variation but took no account of structural variations between wells or of the Leon-C1 zone. To address these factors, two more complex methods: Average Velocity vs. Mid-point Depth (VAMPD) and Layer-caking using variable interval velocities were evaluated. Both methods produced improved results but still failed to satisfactorily predict depths in at least one “blind test” well. Finally, a hybrid method was developed combining VAMPD with a preliminary step in which one of the input parameters is estimated for each point of well control from a regression relationship between the parameter and the Leon-C1 isochron.
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